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翻译技巧 |
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媒体文体的句法特点 |
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为满足“时新性、重要性、接近性、显著性和趣味性”等新闻价值最大化的要求，媒体在激烈的竞争发展中，在句法层面上形成了独有的特点。
1．标题的时态倾向用现在时
标题所使用的时态则倾向用现在时，可对读者产生一种“某事正在发生”的印象，从而增强其新鲜感、直接感、真实感和现实感，以达到引入注意的目的。
【例1】China Urges Japan's“Positive”Response to Hu's Remarks.
（Xinhua News Agency, April 18, 2006)
【例2】 Hu Jintao Concludes Five-Nation Tour and Leaves Nairobi for Home.
2．标题常用省略或借助标点来表达相关含义
为了在有限的标题篇幅内尽量多安排实义词，使标题言简意赅，英语新闻标题常常省略一些无关紧要的词（如下述例句中的黑体词），或借助标点来表达相关含义，但这些手段均以不妨碍读者的理解为前提。
【例1】 Last Two Beirut Hostages‘‘To Go Free”
完整的句子应为：The last two hostages in Beirut are‘‘To Go Free” 引号表明了时态、道出了人们的期盼的同时，也起到了强调作用。
【例2】 Economy Grows Slowly As Unemployment, Inflation Rise-Economists
完整的句子应为：Economists say that the economy grows slowly a the unemployment and inflation rise.
3.常采用扩展的简单句
为力求让较小的篇幅容纳较多的信息量，媒体英语常采用扩展的简单句(expanded simple sentences)，其方法是频繁地使用状语、同位语、定语、介词短语、分词短语等语言成分。大量使用或增加修饰限定词的数量，可让句式不致过于复杂，受众也易于理解。下列一则报道中画线部分可作此说明。
Armenian Airliner Crashes into Black Sea, Killing113
An Armenian passenger plane crashed early Wednesday into the Black Sea off the coast of the southern Russian resort of Sochi， killing all 113 people on board, Russian media reported.
Wreckage from the Armenian passenger aircraft has been foundin the Black Sea some six km from shore,and rescue workers so far have found eight bodies at the site,Russian news agencies quoted Emergency Situations Ministry officials as saying.
The Airbus 320 was traveling from the Armenian capital Yerevan to the Black Sea resort of Sochi and vanished from radar screens near Sochi at about 2:15 a.n(2215 GMT Tuesday), Itar-Tass quoted Viktor -Beltsov,deputy head of Russia's Emergency Situations Ministry's information department, as saying.
The Emergency Situation Ministry said the plane belonged to the Armenian airline Armavia.
Beltsov has said earlier that according to preliminary information,there were 113 people on board, including six children.
Beltsov said weather conditions were poor at the time the plane crashed.
Armenian airline officials said they believed the crash was due to the stormy weather.
The emergencies ministry had sent an amphibious plane to the scene of the crash, the RIA news agency said. Boats and divers were involved in the search but heavy rain and poor visibility were complicating the operation.
(Xinhua News Agency, May 3,2006)
4。多用主动语态
语态方面，多用主动语态，但为了叙事的客观和便利，有时也使用一些被动结构。如上述报道中句子：
【例1】 Wreckage from the Armenian passenger aircraft has been found in the Black Sea some six km from shore, and rescue workers so far have found eight bodies at the site, Russian news agencies quoted Emergency Situations Ministry officials as saying.
【例2】 It is the fourth time Hu has addressed the three-day UN summit. On the second day of the summit, heads of govenment and state from more than 170 countries stressed in their speeches the need to reform the UN, to fight terrorism and to continue efforts to achieve the UN's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
(China Daily, September 17, 2005)
5．广泛使用直接引语或间接引语
为了彰显媒体报道的真实性、生动性和客观性，常常广泛使用直接引语或间接引语。
【例1】 "Under the new situation, the maintenance of healthy and stable growth of Sino-Japanese ties complies with the fundamental interests of the two peoples and the common aspiration of the international community," Tang said. “Sino-Japanese ties now face certain difficulties. Such a situation should be promptly reversed," Tang said.
(Xinhua News Agency, May 2,2006)
【例2】 Sri Lankan police said the bomber was believed to be a member of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE).
Qin said China had been watching developments in Sri Lanka and supporting its government's efforts to promote nationa stability, reconciliation of ethnic groups and economic growth.
(Xinhua News Agency, China Daily, April 28, 2006)
6.常用举偶，提喻的修辞手法(synecdoche)
借典型名词喻指相关的内容，既简洁又意含丰富。
【例1】 The White House today threatened for the first time to veto of the bill creating Homeland Security Department that was once embarrassed by both parties.
(The New York Times, July 26, 2002)
【例2】 Republicans narrowly retained control of the House in November.
(International Herald Tribune)
例l中，用白宫White House来代指美国政府。例句2中用House来代美国国会，用November代指美国选举。
7．固定套句的使用
媒体文体在其传播发展过程中形成了一些较明显的固定套句。如：
It has been calculated (proved, viewed, shown...) that…
It has recently been brought to us that...
It is alleged (arranged, asserted, declared, demonstrated， enumerated, established, noticed， preferred, universally considered...) that...
It may be argued (recalled) safely said...
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