 |
翻译技巧 |
 |
| |
经贸文体的句法特点 |
|
1、广泛使用一般现在时态
在英语问题中，为强调商业条文的现实性、原则性及有效性。一般现在时使用颇为广泛，其他时态也配合使用。汉语则没有明显的时态标记。
【例1】 Where the goods contracted to be sold are already afloat, or have already been delivered into the custody of the carrier in the manner provided in Rule 7(111) and (IV), at the time the sale is made, orwhere the seller is entitled to purchase goods of the contractual description afloat in order to fulfill his contract, the seller shaii have merely to appropriate these goods to the contract of sale.
【译文】如果成交时定售的海上路货，或按第七条第5款和第6款规 定的方式已交承运人保管，或者为履约卖方有权按合同规格买进海上路货时，卖方只需将该项货物划拨到买卖合同项下。
2．被动语态比较常见
经贸英语中被动语态比较常见，除了由动词构成的被动结构，还经常使用it引导的被动结构，表达含蓄委婉的语气。有时也使用表示被动意义的形容词，达到和被动语态类似的修辞效果。
【例1】 We have been informed that you are in the market of textiles.
【例2】 Drafts drawn under this credit must be presented for negotiation inChina on or before December 15th, 2005.
【例3】 It should be recognized that the intent of this agreement i's t benefit both participants.
经贸英语中有时会慎用被动语态，因为国际商务活动中责任与义务必不可少，动作主体不清，责任就不明确，难以让对方信赖。商务汉语句子有时无动作主体，有时以物作主语，都是完全可以接受的。
比较下面的译例就会发现这一特点。
【例1】由于装运严重缺位，这些机器到9月28日才能装运。（装运机 器者不明）
【译文】Due to serious shortage of shipping space, we are unable to deliver these machines until September 28th.(动作主体是we)．
【例2】为扩大我们之间的贸易，可再给3%的折扣。（给折扣者与受折扣者不明）
【译文】In order to encourage business between us, we are ready to allow you 3% off.(给折扣者是we;受折扣者是you)
【例3】Please pay beneficiary face amount of drawings on a sight basis. Discount charges, term stamp duty, if any, are for buyers' account in excess of the credit amount.
【译文】议付行请即期支付受益人十足票面金额。贴现费和可能的印 花税均得由卖方在证外另外支付。（使用祈使句，表明责任承担者）
【分析】从以上例句能够看出，汉语句子的动作主体可以不需明确指 出，但经贸英语最好指明动作主体，否则会导致责任不清，容易引发纠纷。
【例4】 The seller must supply the goods in conformity with the contrac of sale, together with such evidence of conformity as may be requiredby the contract.
【译文】卖方必须提供符合买卖合同所所定的货物，如果合同有规定， 还须提供货物符合合同规定的凭证。
【分析】从此例可以看出，英语主动语态用于强调主体的责任，而被动语态用来强调事物。
3．句型多变
为达到简洁、省时、清楚的目的，经贸函电中往往使用短语，多用短句、简单句、并列句，并趋向口语化、简单化。
【例1】 Partial shipments and transshipment allowed.
【译文】允许分批装运和转运。
【例2】With 50-/0 more or less both in quantity and amount to be allowedat the sellers' option.
【译文】数量及总金额均可有5%增减，由卖方决定。
【例3】 As requested, we are now offering you as follows subject to ou final confrmation.
【译文】应你方要求，现报盘如下，以最终确认为准。
但是经贸合同则频繁使用程式化套语，以达到庄重正式的效果因此长句、复合句、并列复合句更为常见。
【例4】Ⅱthe seller should have to pay any unpaid freight which may bedue to the carrier, because tender of the documents is unavoidably made after the arrival of the goods, he may recover the amountthereof from the buyer.
【译文】如因单据无可避免地在货物运达后方可提供，以致卖方必须支付承运人任何未付的运费，则卖方可向买方索回这一款项。
【例5】The Parties are considered,unless otherwise agreed,to have impliedlymade applicable to their contract or its formation a usage of which the parties knew or ought to have known and which in intemationaltrade is widely known to, and regularly observed by, parties to contracts of the type involved in the particular trade concerned.
【译文】除非另有约定，应视双方当事人为默示地同意对他们的合同 或合同订立双方当事人已知或理应知道的惯例，而这种惯例在 国际贸易中已受有关特定行业所涉及同类合同的当事人广为知道并经常遵守。
4．频繁使用情态动词
经贸英语措辞婉转，比较讲究客套，多用情态动词构成的礼貌客话。而汉语经贸用语有时缺少必要的客气，常见的礼貌用语往往只有一个“请”字。
【例1】 We would appreciate your sending us the catalogue of Benz carswith their best prices.
【译文】请惠寄附有最优惠价格的奔驰轿车目录，不胜感激。
【例2】 The goods are nearly ready for dispatch and we should be glad tohave your instruction.
【译文】货已备妥，等待装运，请指示。
【例3】请报椅子的最优惠上海到岸价，同时请报最早交货期。
【译文】It would be appreciated if .you could quote your best prices of CIFShanghai for chairs, and also let us know the earliest possible date you can make shipment.
从上例中可以发现，经贸英语中通常使用we would appreciate，itwould be appreciated that或we would be glad to之类的套话来表达委婉礼貌的语气；而汉语句子通常短小紧凑，多用“请”字。}匕较一下例4的两个译文，我们能更好地体会英汉两种语言在这方面的区别。
【例4】请帮我定一张由纽约到亚特兰大的飞机票。
【译文1】Please help me book a plane ticket for the trip from New York toAtlanta.
【译文2】1 would greatly appreciate your helping me to book a plane ticket for the trip from New York to Atlanta.
【分析】译文l在语义和语法上都没有问题，但不够礼貌，不符合经贸英语的求助习惯，适合上司对雇员的指示。译文2套用英文的礼貌措辞，说话人态度显得更为恳切。有时为了强调责任与风险、权利与义务，情态动词shall的使用频率非常高，以表达法律所规定的义务和权利。比如：
【例5】When th;e failure of the either party to fulfll its contractual obligationsin time brings about loss to the other on account of causes other than force majeure, the defaulter shall undertake to pay the penalty.
【译文】凡因不可抗力以外的原因，一方未能按时履约而招致对方损失时，未按时履约方应付罚金。
【例6】卖方应提供下列单证。
【译文】The Seller shall present the following documents.
【例7】本协议及附件用中英文书就，两种文本具有同等法律效力。
【译文】This agreement and appendix are rendered in Chinese and English.Both texts shall possess the same legal validity.
为了强调责任或条件，有时会用should或must来强调义务。
【例8】 Should an export license be required in order to ship goods of thecontractual description, it shall be the duty of the seller at his ownexpense to apply for license and to use due diligence to obtain the grant of such license.
【译文】如果合同规定的货物需要有出口许可证才能装船，卖方有责任承担费用申请许可证，并尽力获取其批准。
【例9】 Collection order should bear the complete address of the drawee orof the domicile at which presentation is to be made.
【译文】托收指示书应载明付款人或呈交单证点的详细地址。
【例10】 The seller must deliver the goods, hand over any documents relatingto them and transfer the property in the goods, as required by the contract and this Convention.
【译文】卖方必须按照合同与本公约的规定交付货物，移交一切与货物有关的单据并转移货物的所有权，
|
|
中文 
